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United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship
The United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD) ((タイ語:แนวร่วมประชาธิปไตยต่อต้านเผด็จการแห่งชาติ; นปช.), alternatively translated as National Democratic Alliance against Dictatorship), whose supporters are commonly called Red Shirts, is a political pressure group opposed to the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD), the 2006 Thai military coup, and supporters of the coup. Notable UDD leaders include Jatuporn Prompan, Nattawut Saikua, Veera Musikapong, Charan Ditthapichai and Weng Tojirakarn. The UDD allies itself with the Pheu Thai Party, which was deposed by the 2014 military coup. Before the July 2011 national elections, the UDD claimed that Abhisit Vejjajiva's government took power illegitimately, backed by the Thai Army and the judiciary. Therefore, the UDD called for the Thai Parliament to be dissolved so that a general re-election could be held. UDD accuses the country's extra-democratic elite – the military, judiciary, certain members of the Privy Council, and other unelected officials – of undermining democracy by interfering in politics.〔(Thai police issue warrants for 14 protest leaders ). MSNBC. 14 April 2009〕 The UDD is composed of mostly rural masses from Northeast (Isan) and North Thailand, of urban lower classes from Bangkok and of some intellectuals. Although the movement seems to receive support from former Prime Minister in exile Thaksin Shinawatra, not all UDD members support the deposed Prime Minister.〔''The Economist'', ("Smiling for the cameras" ), 31 March 2010〕
==History==
The UDD first formed in 2006 to oppose the military government and the military coup which overthrew former Prime Minister in exile Thaksin Shinawatra five weeks before scheduled elections. UDD organized anti-government rallies during the military government's rule in 2006–2007 and opposed the military's 2007 constitution. The UDD stopped protests after the 2007 general election, which the People's Power Party won. In response to violent anti-government PAD rallies and the Yellow Shirt seizure of Government House in May 2008, the UDD organized counter demonstrations, which would sporadically result in injuries and deaths. After Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva took office, the UDD led major anti-government rallies in April 2009 and in March–May 2010, leading to violent clashes with military forces. And the burning down of part of the Centralworld shopping Mall as well as several other places by UDD (red shirt supporters).
The UDD calls for the replacement of the ''Ammatayathipatai'' (อำมาตยาธิปไตย, aristocratic polity) – the system in which palace insiders, the military, and bureaucrats effectively ignore the popular mandate – with an electoral democracy. One of the UDD's favorite targets is Prem Tinsulanonda, the President of the Privy Council. The protests urge the immediate resignation of Prem from the Privy Council. Due to its insistence that palace insiders stop interfering in politics, the UDD has been criticized by the PAD as being an 'anti-monarchist', and even a 'republican' movement, and many Web sites and other media sympathetic to the UDD have been shut down under Thailand's strict lèse majesté laws. UDD leaders and supporters have been jailed under the same laws. Also interesting to note that many head leaders of the UDD are now MP's in the current Phua Thai government led by Yingluck Shinawatra (sister of Thaksin Shinawatra)and therefore they have immunity against prosecution for their roles in the UDD insurrection. The group also calls for the replacement of the 2007 constitution, which was drafted by the military, with the 1997 Constitution. The UDD now want a new Constitution absolving the UDD leaders of guilt in the protest/insurrection including Thaksin Shinawatra (a convicted criminal)and alleged paymaster for the UDD in the early days of their existence.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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